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  • Joan of Arc

    Joan of Arc

    Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in the village of Domremy in North Eastern France. Her parents were peasants, and Joan never attended school. Like all children of the working classes in those days, she helped with chores from an early age. She was deeply religious and spent hours praying in the church.

    From a young age she claimed to hear the voices of St Michael (the Archangel) and two saints, St. Catherine and St. Margaret.

    When Joan was born, England and France had been at war for about 100 years. The details of the war are extremely confusing, but the relevant part is that they were, at that time, fighting over who should be King of France.

    The English had won lands in North Western France. Henry V was King of England and Charles VI was King of France. All French Kings were crowned in Reims, a city in the Northern part of France controlled by the English. After the English won the land they signed a treaty with France. The agreement was that Charles could remain King of France, but that when he died, Henry would rule. Unfortunately Charles and Henry both died within a very short time of each other. Charles had a son, (also named Charles, later known as Charles VII). Henry also had a son (later known as Henry VI) whom the English claimed should be King of France due to the agreement between the two countries. When his father died, Charles, at that time known as the Dauphin, quickly claimed the throne for himself. The French people refused to accept that he was King until he had been crowned in Reims. The English were determined that would never happen, and started trying to take even more French land. The Duke of Burgundy, a French Duke, was helping the English. He wanted to eventually take the crown for himself, or at least gain more land. With no King in charge, the French were losing and it looked fairly certain that they would eventually control all of France.

    Into this stepped Joan. The voices, which until then had given her only general guidance, began telling her she must save France from the English. She was instructed to go to the leader of the French Army, telling him she could lead France to victory and have Charles crowned. She was seventeen years old at the time.

    With the help of a local baron, she found her way to Charles. She managed to persuade him that she truly heard voices, and that God would help her get him crowned. Although it is unclear why Charles believed her, legend has it she told him things that only he could have known. Charles was convinced that Joan and the voices were genuine, and he agreed to give her a small army. He also gave her a suit of white armor and a sword.

    The English had recently captured Orleans, a city about 80 miles from Paris. This is where Joan started her mission. She led her small army against the English, and was wounded. Her men, seeing her bravery and determination to fight on, were inspired. They retook the city of Orleans for France. Joan became known as the maid of Orleans. The French rallied behind Joan and supported her. With their help she won several more battles. The English were losing ground quickly, and Reims once again belonged to the French.

    Charles could now be crowned King of France. Joan and her Army escorted him to the cathedral in Reims, where he was crowned, in July 1429. Once he was crowned Charles decided that he ought to negotiate with the English and the Duke of Burgundy. Joan and her voices, however, had different ideas. She was determined to fight on and rid France of the English forever.

    Joan continued to fight but began to lose battles. She was captured by the troops of the Duke of Burgundy in 1430, at the Battle of Compeigne. The Duke sold her to the English. The English could not admit that a teenage girl had beaten them in battle. They needed to prove that she had used trickery, sorcery and witchcraft to do it. She was imprisoned in a dungeon and tortured. The English wanted her to admit that she had lied about the voices. They also wanted her to agree to remove the men’s clothing, which they said was against the Churches ruling. Joan refused and remained in prison.

    Charles no longer had any interest in Joan, she had given him what he wanted, the French crown. Now she was just a nuisance and an obstacle to him negotiating with the English. He made no attempt to rescue her or buy her back from the English. Joan remained in prison, growing weaker and more tired daily.

    She finally agreed to remove the soldiers clothing and signed a statement that she had been wrong. In return she was supposed to be allowed to visit the church. The English had lied. Remember that she could neither read nor write. She probably had no idea what it was that she was admitting to. She again insisted that the voices had been real, and put her soldiers clothing back on. They now had the proof they needed to have her tried and convicted of heresy and witchcraft. She was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. Because she was found guilty of being a witch, she was to be executed by fire. She was 19 years old.

    On May 30, 1431 she was burned at the stake. Charles did nothing to save her, and neither did the French people, who only shortly before had claimed she was a heroine. After her death Charles decided that it wasn’t a good idea for people to believe she had been a witch or heretic. That would mean that he had been wrongfully crowned. He set about having her name cleared.

    Thirty years after her death the Pope claimed she had been wrongly accused and that she was not guilty of any crime against the Church or God. She was eventually canonized in 1920, becoming St Joan. The church never stated whether or not her visions and the voices she heard were real. She was made a Saint because she was convinced that God had ordered her to do what she did, and she followed those orders. Her absolute faith in God and obedience of what she believed were His instructions are what made her a saint.

  • Social Studies

    The Great Pyramid at Giza

    The Outside

    When people talk about Egyptian pyramids the ones that spring to mind are the pyramids of Giza. Of these, the largest is the known as the Great Pyramid, or the Pyramid of Khufu. Who built it and why? What exactly did it look like?

    Although there are pyramids found in other parts of the world, when someone says “pyramid” people usually think of the three Egyptian pyramids that are world famous. The Ancient Egyptians built many pyramids, but these three in Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo, are the best preserved and the ones we know most about.

    The largest of the three was built by King Khufu, otherwise known as King Cheops (pronounced as Key ops). He was called Cheops by the Greeks. His pyramid was the first one to be built at Giza and, being the largest, is known as the Great Pyramid. It was built in about 2,500 B.C. (about 4,500 years ago). It covers an area of 13 acres. Each side is 756 ft long (give or take an inch or two). It was originally 481 ft tall, but has been eroded by sand and wind, and now stands slightly shorter. That makes it about the same height as a forty-story building.

    The pyramid was built as a tomb for the King (or Pharaoh as he was known then). He wanted to have a bigger and better tomb than any of his ancestors, so he asked the best architects in the land to design one for him. In those days, as soon as someone became a Pharaoh they started planning their funeral. It seems odd to us today, but for them the funeral was the most important part of their lives (or actually, to be more precise, their deaths!) King Khufu reigned for 23 years, and the pyramid was completed in his lifetime. No one is sure exactly how long it took to build, they are only sure that it took less than 23 years.

    Designing the Pyramid

    For years the Egyptians built their tombs underground, with a large flat building above them. They looked very much like a large bench. The Ancient Egyptians were very vain, and were always trying to out do everyone else. Someone decided that the bench tombs were plain and boring, so they started to build bigger and grander tombs. These tombs were the very first Egyptian pyramids. Instead of building an underground tomb with one bench on top, they put a series of benches on top, each one smaller than the previous one. It was called a step pyramid. The most famous one isn’t far from the Great Pyramid of Giza, in a place called Saqqara.

    From the step pyramid came the true pyramid, like the ones at Giza, made by flattening the sides of the step pyramid, so that there was a gradual slope to the side, rather than the giant steps.

    Building the Pyramid

    Once a tomb had been designed the next step was to choose a site for it. It couldn’t be just anywhere, so the priests and important people would decide on an auspicious site (just a fancy way of saying lucky). Most of the Pharaoh’s tombs are built on the West side of the Nile, since the sun sets in the West. They believed that you traveled to a New World after you died, and since you traveled towards the darkness, if you started out where the sun set you wouldn’t have as far to go.

    The first thing that needed to be done was to clear the sand away until they reached rock beneath the desert. Then the rock had to be flattened out so that the pyramid would be level. Next they marked the area that would be the base of the pyramid, with one side facing each of the main compass points (north, south east and west). This might all sound fairly simple so far, but you have to remember that everything was done by hand; no jackhammers or earthmovers were around in those days. The Ancient Egyptians didn’t have compasses either, but knew the direction by watching the sun and the stars.

    Next they needed to get the stones. Some were cut from hills nearby and others were taken from the other side of the Nile. They also took granite and marble from Aswan, in the South of Egypt, to build a cover for the pyramid. Each stone was cut very precisely, and weighed between 21/2 and 5 tons. To build the pyramid they used 2,300,000 blocks of stone. If it took them the whole 23 years to build, that was 273 stones that they had to cut and move every day. If you look at the picture below, it will give you some idea of the size of the blocks.

    The stones were transported to the site on wooden sledges on the land, and barges on the river. The river could only be used when it was flooded, which happened twice a year.

    Once the stones reached the site they were smoothed to fit exactly with the surrounding ones. They didn’t use mortar or cement to build the pyramid; they just cut the stones so perfectly that they fitted onto each other. Even after all these years, they fit so perfectly together that it is impossible to slide a sheet of paper between most of them.

    We really aren’t sure how the stones were lifted into place. There were no machines, and the Egyptians didn’t have pulleys. The most likely theory is that they built ramps up the side of the pyramid, and dragged the stones on sledges up the ramps. As the building got higher they made the ramps higher and longer. If they didn’t make them longer the slope would have been too steep to drag the stones up. Once the entire pyramid was built, the workmen covered it with marble, to give it a smooth and beautiful finish.

    The Workmen

    Some people think that slaves built the pyramids, but this probably isn’t true. The farmers didn’t have much to do, or to eat when the Nile was flooded. Since that is the time that they could transport the stones most easily, it is most likely the time when the pyramids were built. The best theory that historians have come up with is that King Khufu used the farmers, during the flood, and paid them with food. Since the farmers had to pay food to the King every year, as a form of tax, it really didn’t cost him anything.

     

    The outside of the pyramid has changed over the years. It is no longer covered in marble. The Ancient Egyptians grew lazy over time, and when they built palaces and grand houses in Cairo, instead of sending to Aswan for their marble, they just took it off the pyramids. By then King Khufu had been dead a very long time, so no one thought he would mind much.

    Now read about the inside of the pyramid.

  • Social Studies Articles by Topic

    All the articles have moved to a new sub-domain of this site. You can reach it by clicking on any of the links in the index. This index will be updated as new articles are added. For the latest topic, please use this link:

    http://www.funsocialstudies.com

    Geography

    General Physical
    Continental Drift
    Miscellaneous Places
    Describing the World

    History

    General US
    Native Americans
    Black History Women in History
    Ancient Egypt Ancient Egyptians
    The Great Pyramid at Giza

    		 Three Kingdoms

    • Akhnaton ~ Rebel or visionary?
    • Tutankhamun ~ why was he important?
    Places of Interest September 11
    The Great Pyramid at Giza

    		 Please read first: Note to Parents

    Cultures

    Holidays General

  • Science News

    This month we concentrate on Earth Sciences. What causes the seasons? This series of articles is designed to teach, in easy steps, the cause of the seasons. Enjoy fun experiments and activities while learning at the same time!

    Learn science facts from our extensive online learning resource designed for students. Get your science news and knowledge from our online learning education resource.

    Earth Science

    Life Science
    Four Seasons
    What factors influence the four seasons?
    Earth’s Tilt
    A simple explanation of Earth’s tilt and what effects it has.
    Earth’s Orbit
    How the earth moves around the sun.
    Direct and Indirect light
    How the angle that sunlight strikes the earth has a effect on the seasons
    What Causes the Seasons
    How the various factors combine to cause the seasons.    		 Animal Classification
    How are animals classified? A simple look at classification. Intended for grades 2-4.
    Animals and Adaptation.
    What adaptations help an animal survive in its environment? 
    Animals
    A brief look at some animals.

    Penguin Facts

    Sea Turtles

     

    Scientific Terminology

    Physical Science

    “Ology” and “Onomy” Terms in Science
    Have you ever wondered what all those “ology” and “onomy” names mean? Look no further, the answer is here.

     

    What is Light?
    At first, it seems like a simple enough question; but is it?

    What is Color?
    Another of those deceptive questions. Color is not all that it seems.

    Online Classes
    If you like our articles on animals, why not join our  online classes? Each is packed with a wealth of information, activities, worksheets, assignments and quizzes.Animal Antics Level 1, is intended for children in grades 2-4. It includes simple classification, how to make a notebook to record your findings, and examples of animals from different groups.

    Animal Antics Level 2, looks at animals, their habitat and adaptations. A more detailed form of classification is given. This is intended for students who have taken the first course, or who are in grades 5-7.

    Meet the Scientists 1, is a different approach to learning science. Learn about some scientists and what they discovered.

  • What Causes the Seasons

    As you have seen, the Earth is tilted and direct light causes more heat than indirect light. Remembering your walk around the chair, and how the tilt is at each point, can you work it out?

    This is how it works. When the Northern hemisphere is pointing at the sun, sunlight falls most directly on it. This is summer in the Northern Hemisphere. As you get around to the side of the chair, neither hemisphere is pointing toward the Sun. The light strikes both equally and directly. However, as the orbit is elliptical, the Earth is further from the Sun at this point so although the light is still direct, it is cooler, because of the distance.

     

    As the Earth moves around to the other side of the Sun the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun. Now the light falls indirectly on it. It is winter. As it moves around to the fourth side, it the light again falls directly on it, but it is further away, so it is warmer than winter but cooler than summer.

    Notice that the exact opposite is happening in the Southern hemisphere. When the Northern Hemisphere has summer, the Southern Hemisphere has winter, and the other way round. So, how do you decide which has spring and which has fall? That is simple. Spring follows winter and fall follows summer!

    Previous:

    Introduction

    Earth’s Tilt

    The effects of Direct and indirect Sunlight

    Earth’s Orbit

  • Teaching Schools

    Teaching schools have emerged as one of the best platforms for developing the educational and learning skills of a child. In fact, it is the first and the primary stage in a child’s academic career where he gains knowledge about various interesting lessons and activities. There are plenty of subjects like mathematics, English, physical education, social studies etc that cater students in terms of their academic progress and prepare them to acquire careeristic jobs in future.

     

    It has been observed that students benefit a lot from the Curriculum and Instruction Programs. Those who want to progress and take interest in careers related to education, the Curriculum and Instruction Programs are the best option as it helps teachers to maintain educational standards in teaching schools.

    Maintaining educational standards by teachers definitely exerts a positive influence on the students to understand the lessons in a well-organized manner. Teachers can also work with other professionals on some curriculum programs that will definitely ensure the well-being of students in a teaching school and other educational institutions.

    The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has estimated that the curriculum and instruction programs will be a great helping hand in enhancing the knowledge and experience of students in the near future. The teaching schools will be equipped with great teaching skills and technologies, which will encourage students to progress in their respective fields and gain employment. Nowadays, only a few teaching schools teach Curriculum and Instruction Programs.

    Take a look at some of them:

     

     

      • Drake University – This is one of the best universities listed on the fourth position in the category of Universities-Master’s according to U.S News. Accommodating a good number of undergraduate seats, Drake University boasts of excellent faculties.

     

      • Utah State University – This University has emerged as one of the best in conducting instruction and curriculum programs and known to provide admission to efficient and learned students. The teacher-student ratio is 1:19, and offer tuition costs at $3533.

     

      • University of Redlands – It is the seventh best university in curriculum and instruction programs that holds a total capacity of about 3295 undergraduates.

     

     

    Education and Teaching programs are also a fine option for faculties in the teaching schools. The keywords for education programs are teachers and professional educators. Extracurricular activities also play a major role in education programs. Both parents and teachers help a child to acquire the basic and learning skills from a very early age. As a result, a teacher must gain knowledge and experience through various education levels. These include teaching schools like junior high schools, elementary schools and high schools. However, there are many schools for elementary education. Some of them are:

     

     

      • Boston University – More than forty-four study abroad programs are offered in eighteen countries by this university.

     

      • Auburn University – The average freshmen retention percentage of the Auburn University is about 84%.

     

     

    K-8th Administration and Principalship is another great option for administrators and principals in many middle and elementary schools. Some of best schools for Elementary and Middle School Administration Principalship are the Union College, University of Alabama and Grace University.

    The Education and Curriculum Supervision programs provide training to teachers for conducting and managing lessons and curriculums in teaching schools. Some of the best teaching schools related to this are the DePaul University, Ithaca College and the Drake University.

    The above-mentioned educational programs by various teaching schools are the best for teachers and educators.

  • Sites for Teachers

    To cater to their needs and wants of the students, various sites for teachers have been introduced. If you are a teacher and passionate about teaching, you must check out the sites on Internet that immensely benefit in preparing lesson plans for the class, handling with the classroom activities, bringing out wise ideas on how to motivate students and useful processes in generating fun and interest among the students. Be it a cute little kid or a matured one, you will get to know everything with the help of those web sites for teachers.

     

    Sometimes it becomes very difficult for a teacher to control a big class of students. Even they get confused in selecting the appropriate subjects for them. The Internet has now stepped forward to help you through their various sites for teachers. These sites feature innumerable worksheets that are full of assignments and exercises. These worksheets will not only help you to set home tasks for your students but will play an important factor too in promoting interest and excitement among them.

    Have you ever come across songs for teaching your students? Yes, it is a fact that the websites for teachers will provide you songs that will help in making your students aware of body awareness, mood and feelings. These songs are really interesting and fun to hear. Nowadays, computer based programs are gradually emerging to be interesting rather than playing computer games at random pace. There are also sites for teachers that aim at bringing teachers, students and their parents for an informal meeting. This makes parents aware of their child’s academic progress.

    Sites for teachers also provide teachers to download worksheets for students who will simply enjoy solving out the home tasks with the help of a number of tools. This will make students to complete their home assignments. Be assured that they will not avoid doing their homework. These sites for teachers also provide information on classroom activities. Most classrooms include art and craft items, math activities; science related items as well as reading items. Nowadays, crossword puzzles and computer software have dominated the charts. These two major contributions have necessitated the requirement of millions of aspirants.

    As a teacher, you can gain a lot from the teaching sites. For instance, you will get to know some of the latest innovative teaching skills. These skills are extremely essential for you, as they would help you to strengthen the learning skills of your students. You would learn the methods to control your class and also how to include exciting games, stories, music, art and craft and lots more to make teaching exciting.

    Teachers play an important role in every student’s life and therefore the Internet has taken care of them by providing excellent sites for teachers.

  • Grade 8th Math

    Grade 8th math curriculum is a sort of learning program, which can be taught by making use of several eighth grade lessons like interactive activities, learning printable games worksheets, assessments and reinforcements. Manipulative are quite significant for grade 8th math lessons. This particular curriculum should depend on a variety of tools for learning. Moreover, this particular grade of math curriculum should take into account all mathematical strands and not just deal with arithmetic. The important strands of an eighth grade math include number sense and operation, algebra, geometry and spatial sense, measurement and analysis of data and probability.

     

    A student of grade 8th math lesson is given a set of lesson plans where he/she can make the best use of the experience from kindergarten to the seventh standard. In this particular mathematical grade level, the student learns how to work with positive and negative numbers, exponents and the order of operations along with scientific and standard notation. The students get an opportunity to learn more about the interaction with whole numbers, fractions, mixed numbers, decimals and integers.

    The grade 8th math curriculum seems quite challenging for the students as they get a chance to face several mathematical challenges like those rightly introduced with complicated and innovative concepts. The eighth grade teaches students names of words and standard numerals for integers, fractions, decimals, numbers expressed as percents, numbers with exponents, numbers expressed in scientific notation, absolute value, radicals, and ratios. Here the meanings and concepts of rational and irrational numbers are well described with the use of physical and graphical displays. These also help the students to know about the relation between fractions, decimals and percents so that they can handle mathematics properly.

    A student of grade 8th math should know the effects created by four basic math operations on fractions, decimals, integers, whole numbers and mixed numbers. The students should also form a proper understanding about the opposite relation of positive and negative numbers and go for a proper application of properties of real numbers for solving problems. However, the properties of real numbers include commutative, associative, distributive, identity, equality, inverse, and closure attributes.

    There are several concrete and graphic models, which help a student of grade 8th math search and educe formulas for surface area and volume of three-dimensional regular shapes like pyramids, prisms, and cones. Grade 8th math also teaches students how to apply formulas for determining rates, distance, time, and angle measures. It also teaches you how to describe and use rates of change and other derived measures.

    During the course of eighth grade math students are taught how to construct and make use of scale drawings to recreate particular situations. They also learn how to solve problems by making use of mixed units within each system of feet and inches, as well as hours and minutes.

    Grade 8th math makes use of the conversions of measurement method with the help of which students try to solve problems making use of either the customary or the metric system. However, the students of this particular level are also expected to know a wide range of strategies to describe, estimate and solve mathematical and real-world problems, which includes several measuring techniques. In fact, a grade 8th math helps a student acquire more perfection in this particular field.

  • Grade 8th Math

    Grade 8th math curriculum is a sort of learning program, which can be taught by making use of several eighth grade lessons like interactive activities, learning printable games worksheets, assessments and reinforcements. Manipulative are quite significant for grade 8th math lessons. This particular curriculum should depend on a variety of tools for learning. Moreover, this particular grade of math curriculum should take into account all mathematical strands and not just deal with arithmetic. The important strands of an eighth grade math include number sense and operation, algebra, geometry and spatial sense, measurement and analysis of data and probability.

     

    A student of grade 8th math lesson is given a set of lesson plans where he/she can make the best use of the experience from kindergarten to the seventh standard. In this particular mathematical grade level, the student learns how to work with positive and negative numbers, exponents and the order of operations along with scientific and standard notation. The students get an opportunity to learn more about the interaction with whole numbers, fractions, mixed numbers, decimals and integers.

    The grade 8th math curriculum seems quite challenging for the students as they get a chance to face several mathematical challenges like those rightly introduced with complicated and innovative concepts. The eighth grade teaches students names of words and standard numerals for integers, fractions, decimals, numbers expressed as percents, numbers with exponents, numbers expressed in scientific notation, absolute value, radicals, and ratios. Here the meanings and concepts of rational and irrational numbers are well described with the use of physical and graphical displays. These also help the students to know about the relation between fractions, decimals and percents so that they can handle mathematics properly.

    A student of grade 8th math should know the effects created by four basic math operations on fractions, decimals, integers, whole numbers and mixed numbers. The students should also form a proper understanding about the opposite relation of positive and negative numbers and go for a proper application of properties of real numbers for solving problems. However, the properties of real numbers include commutative, associative, distributive, identity, equality, inverse, and closure attributes.

    There are several concrete and graphic models, which help a student of grade 8th math search and educe formulas for surface area and volume of three-dimensional regular shapes like pyramids, prisms, and cones. Grade 8th math also teaches students how to apply formulas for determining rates, distance, time, and angle measures. It also teaches you how to describe and use rates of change and other derived measures.

    During the course of eighth grade math students are taught how to construct and make use of scale drawings to recreate particular situations. They also learn how to solve problems by making use of mixed units within each system of feet and inches, as well as hours and minutes.

    Grade 8th math makes use of the conversions of measurement method with the help of which students try to solve problems making use of either the customary or the metric system. However, the students of this particular level are also expected to know a wide range of strategies to describe, estimate and solve mathematical and real-world problems, which includes several measuring techniques. In fact, a grade 8th math helps a student acquire more perfection in this particular field.

  • Certificates for Teachers

    Certificates for teachers that outline your teaching qualification are the license conferred by the state to teachers who have completed certain state mandated requirements for teaching. Through these certificates, teachers are allowed to teach in different grades starting from elementary grades to special subject grades.

     

    These days many colleges and universities grant professional recognitions, which we call, certificates for teachers to those graduates who have completed their coursework in a particular subject matter. However, as a teacher if you want to acquire national certificate, you have to compile a portfolio, mentioning your work and contribution, through which your teaching knowledge can be easily evaluated and assessed.

    Types of Certificates for teachers

    The Certificates that define your teaching qualification are usually conferred by the states on the fulfillment of certain state mandated requirements for teaching. There are various types of teaching certificates. Let us cast a glance on its types.

    Certificate of registration is issued only once when you first register with the college. This type of certificates provides proof of your registration with college.
    Certificate of qualification is another type that defines your annual license to teach in some places. The college mails and updates this certificate to you each year after receiving your membership free.

    These certificates, that outlines your teaching qualification is separated into four sections -Degrees, Program of teacher education, basic qualification and additional qualifications.

    Basic qualifications are meant to identify the school system divisions for which you have successfully completed studies in teaching methodology that consists various grades.

    Whereas additional certificates for teachers, are meant to identify courses in education methodology or administration, completed after pre service training. Once you complete an additional qualification course, the faculty of education automatically sends you a confirmation that you have successfully completed the course of the college.

    Sometimes because of acute teacher shortages, states extend emergency teaching certificates that bypass state licensing requirements. These certificates for teachers are granted to teach in high need subject areas or for high need geographic areas.

    Why alternative teaching certificate has become popular

    In recent years, alternative route certificates for teachers have become increasingly common as a means of entering the profession. Alternative certificates for teachers is specifically for the individuals who have not completed a traditional 4 year certification program, but still seeking an alternative method to attain teaching certificate. It is often found that many are career changers or have special skills or industry experience and it is through this alternative teaching certificate they utilize the option of becoming an effective teachers. However, you must keep in mind that every state varies in its procedures and requirements for attaining route certification.

    Therefore, at the end of the day certificates for teachers means a lot in judging the requirement of teaching endorsement. It is only through these certificates conferred by the States; you will be allowed to enter your teaching profession whether it is elementary or secondary.